Prognostic significance of the mad1l1 1673 g:a polymorphism in ovarian adenocarcinomas

Abstract Background: Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic cancer. Although most patients respond adequately to the first-line therapy, up to 85% experience a recurrence of disease, which carries a poor prognosis. Mitotic arrest deficiency 1 is a protein that helps in the assembly of the mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint by preventing anaphase until all chromatids are properly aligned. A single-nucleotide polymorphism in the MAD1L1 gene is prevalent in patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer and alters the way in which it responds to chemotherapy. Objective: The objective of the study was to study the relationship between the rs1801368 polymorphism of MAD1L1 and prognosis of ovarian adenocarcinoma. Methods: A total of 118 patients in whom the MAD1L1 gene was sequenced were analyzed using descriptive and comparative statistics. Results: Patients carrying the wild-type genotype had a higher distribution of early-stage disease. Having a MAD1L1 polymorphic allele increased the risk of being non-sensitive to chemotherapy. The median disease-free survival for patients with the wild-type MAD1L1 was 46.93 months, compared to 10.4 months for patients with at least one polymorphic allele. Conclusions: The rs1801368 polymorphism of MAD1L1 gene worsens prognosis in patients with ovarian adenocarcinoma. Traditional therapy for ovarian cancer might not be optimal in patients carrying this polymorphism.

Laboratory predictors of survival in ovarian cancer

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE To relate disease-free survival and overall survival with type I and type II ovarian cancer and preoperative laboratory parameters biomarkers. METHODS A retrospective study was carried out based on the collection of data from medical records of patients with ovarian tumors. Kaplan-Mayer curves were drawn based on the statistical analysis of the data and were compared using the Log-rank test. RESULTS Disease-free survival in type I ovarian cancer was significantly higher than in type II (p=0.0013), as well as in those with normal levels of CA-125 (p=0.0243) and with a platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) lower than 200 (p=0.0038). The overall survival of patients with type I ovarian cancer was significantly higher than in patients with type II, as well as in patients with normal CA-125 serum levels (p=0.0039) and those with a preoperative fasting glucose of less than 100 mg/dL. CONCLUSION CA-125 levels may predict greater overall and disease-free survival. PLR < 200 may suggest greater disease-free survival, whereas normal fasting glucose may suggest greater overall survival.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Relacionar a sobrevida livre de doença e sobrevida global com câncer de ovário tipos I e II, assim como com parâmetros laboratoriais pré-operatórios biomarcadores. MÉTODOS Estudo retrospectivo realizado com base na coleta de dados de prontuários de pacientes com tumor ovariano. As curvas de Kaplan-Mayer foram realizadas em relação à análise estatística dos dados, sendo comparadas pelo teste de Log-rank. RESULTADOS A sobrevida livre de doença nas pacientes com câncer de ovário tipo I foi significativamente maior do que nas pacientes com câncer de ovário tipo II (p = 0,0013), bem como maior naquelas com níveis normais de CA-125 (p = 0,0243) e com relação plaquetas-linfócitos (RPL) inferior a 200 (p = 0,0038). A sobrevida global de pacientes com câncer de ovário tipo I foi significativamente maior do que em pacientes com tipo II, maior em pacientes com níveis séricos normais de CA-125 (p = 0,0039) e naquelas com glicemia de jejum pré-operatória menor que 100 mg / dL. CONCLUSÃO Os níveis de CA-125 podem predizer uma sobrevida global e livre de doença. A RPL < 200 pode sugerir uma maior sobrevida livre de doença, enquanto uma glicemia normal de jejum, uma maior sobrevida global.

Tendências de Incidência e Mortalidade por Câncer de Ovário nos Países da América Latina / Trends in Incidence and Mortality by Ovarian Cancer in Latin American Countries / Tendencias de Incidencia y Mortalidad por Cáncer de Ovario en Países de América Latina

Introdução: O câncer de ovário é o sétimo mais comum e a nona causa de morte por câncer em mulheres, no mundo. Na América Latina, o câncer é a segunda causa de morte, e as projeções indicam um provável crescimento no número de mortes entre os anos 2012 e 2035. Objetivo: Analisar as tendências de incidência e mortalidade para o câncer de ovário em países da América Latina. Método:Estudo ecológico de série temporal, com dados de incidência extraídos da Agência Internacional para Pesquisa do Câncer de 1990 a 2012, e dados de mortalidade obtidos de 17 países da Organização Mundial da Saúde de 1995 a 2013. A tendência de incidência foi analisada pela regressão Joinpoint. A variação percentual média anual (AAPC) e o intervalo de confiança de 95% foram calculados para incidência e mortalidade. Resultados: As maiores taxas de incidência para o câncer de ovário foram observadas em Cali (Colômbia) e Goiânia (Brasil) na faixa etária acima de 60 anos. Houve tendência de estabilidade na maioria dos países, exceto em Goiânia (Brasil), na faixa etária de 60-74 anos, que apresentou tendência de aumento (AAPC: 3,4%; IC 95%: 0,3; 6,6). A maior taxa de mortalidade por câncer de ovário ocorreu no Uruguai para a faixa etária de 60-74 anos e a menor, em Belize e Guatemala, para a faixa etária de 0-39 anos. Conclusão: A incidência do câncer de ovário na América Latina apresentou estabilidade na maioria dos países. Em alguns, como o Brasil, observou-se aumento nas tendências de mortalidade.

Introducción: el cáncer de ovario es el más común y la novena causa de muerte por cáncer en mujeres de todo el mundo. En América Latina, el cáncer es la segunda causa principal de muerte y las proyecciones se consideran un número probable de muertes entre los años 2012 y 2035. Objetivo: Analizar las tendencias de mortalidad y mortalidad por cáncer de ovario en los países latinoamericanos. Método: Estudio de series de tiempo ecológicas, con datos extraídos por la Agencia Internacional de Investigación sobre el Cáncer, de 1990 a 2012 y datos con mortalidad de 17 países de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, de 1995 a 2013. Se analizó una tendencia de incidencia mediante la regresión de Joinpoint. El cambio porcentual anual medio (AAPC) y el intervalo de confianza del 95% se calcularon para la incidencia y la mortalidad. Resultados: Las tasas de incidencia más altas de cáncer de ovario se observaron en Cali (Colombia) y Goiânia (Brasil) en el grupo de edad de más de 60 años. Hubo una tendencia hacia la estabilidad en la mayoría de los países, excepto en Goiânia (Brasil), en el grupo de edad de 60-74 años, con una tendencia creciente (AAPC: 3,4%; IC 95%: 0,3; 6,6). Las tasas de mortalidad más altas debidas al cáncer de ovario no ocurrieron en Uruguay para el grupo de edad de 60-74 años y las más bajas en Belice y Guatemala, para el grupo de edad de 0-39 años. Conclusión: La incidencia del cáncer de ovario en América Latina se ha mantenido estable en la mayoría de los países. En algunos, como Brasil, las tendencias de mortalidad pueden aumentar.

Introduction: Ovarian cancer is the seventh most common and the ninth cause of death by cancer in women worldwide. In Latin America, cancer is the second cause of death and projections indicate a probable growth of the number of deaths between 2012 and 2035. Objective: To analyze the trends of incidence and mortality by ovarian cancer in Latin American countries. Method: Ecological time series study, with incidence data extracted from the International Agency for Research on Cancer, from 1990 to 2012 and mortality data from 17 countries of the World Health Organization, from 1995 to 2013. An incidence trend was analyzed by the Joinpoint regression. The average annual percentage change (AAPC) and the 95% confidence interval were calculated for incidence and mortality. Results: The highest incidence rates of ovarian cancer were observed in Cali (Colombia) and Goiânia (Brazil) in the age group older than 60 years. There was a tendency towards stability in most countries, except in Goiânia (Brazil), in the age group from 60-74 years old, with an increasing trend (AAPC: 3.4%; 95% CI: 0.3; 6.6). The highest rate of mortality by ovarian cancer occurred in Uruguay for the age group of 60-74 years and the lowest, in Belize and Guatemala, for the age group of 0-39 years. Conclusion: The incidence of ovarian cancer in Latin America has remained stable in most countries. In some, as Brazil, increase of mortality rates was observed.

Epidemiologia de cáncer de ovario colombia 2009- 2016 / Epidemiology of ovarian cancer colombia 2009- 2016

Resumen Introducción el cáncer es una de las enfermedades más temidas por la humanidad y el tumor maligno de ovario no es la excepción. Se caracteriza por su alta agresividad y por presentar síntomas inespecíficos, además de no contar, hasta el momento, con pruebas de tamizaje que permitan una detección precoz, convirtiéndose en uno de los cánceres femeninos con alta mortalidad ocupando el séptimo lugar a nivel mundial. Objetivo Medir la prevalencia, mortalidad y la letalidad asociadas al cáncer de ovario entre 2009 a 2016 en la población colombiana. Método se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal, ecológico. A partir de una base de datos en el RIPS de SISPRO y DANE se seleccionaron las mujeres con diagnóstico de tumor maligno de ovario. Resultados se hallaron 36.798 mujeres con diagnóstico de cáncer de ovario, la edad media fue de 63 años con una prevalencia de 31,66 por 100.000 mujeres, en los departamentos de Antioquia, Santander, y Bogotá. Se estimó una tasa de mortalidad de 3,9 por 100.000 mujeres, predominio en educación básica primaria, y régimen de seguridad social contributivo. La letalidad fue de 15,75%. Conclusiones En Colombia la prevalencia, mortalidad y letalidad entre 2009 a 2016 presentó una tendencia al incremento, predominio en casadas, bajo nivel educativo y menor acceso a los servicios de salud. En virtud de lo anteriormente expuesto, se abre la posibilidad de establecer prioridades sanitarias, diseño de futuras estrategias en prevención de la enfermedad en salud pública, detención precoz y con la consecuente disminución de la mortalidad.

Ovarian sertoli-leydig cell tumors: epidemiological, clinical and prognostic factors / Tumores de células de Sertoli-Leydig ovarianos: fatores epidemiológicos, clínicos e prognósticos

Abstract Objective To describe a series of cases of ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors (SLCTs). Methods Retrospective review of 12 cases of SLCT treated at the Hospital do Câncer de Barretos, Barretos, state of São Paulo, Brazil, between October 2009 and August 2017. Results The median age of the patients was 31 years old (15-71 years old). A total of 9 patients (75.0%) presented symptoms: 8 (66.7%) presented with abdominal pain, 5 (41.7%) presented with abdominal enlargement, 2 (16.7%) presentedwith virilizing signs, 2 (16.7%) presented with abnormal uterine bleeding, 1 (8.3%) presented with dyspareunia, and 1 (8.3%) presented with weight loss. The median preoperative lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was 504.5 U/L (138-569 U/L), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was 2.0 ng/ml (1.1-11.3 ng/ml), human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) was 0.6 mUI/ml (0.0-2.3 mUI/ml), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was 0.9 ng/ml (0.7-3.4 ng/ml), and cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) was 26.0 U/ml (19.1-147.0 U/ml). All of the tumors were unilateral and surgically treated. Lymphadenectomy was performed in 3 (25.0%) patients, but none of the three patients submitted to lymphadenectomy presented lymph node involvement. In the anatomopathological exam, 1 (8.3%) tumor was well-differentiated, 8 (66.7%) were moderately differentiated, and 3 (25.0%) were poorly differentiated. A total of 5 (55.6%) tumors were solid-cystic, 2 (22.2%) were purely cystic, 1 (11.1%) was cystic with vegetations, and 1 (11.1%) was purely solid, but for 3 patients this information was not available. The median lesion size was 14.2 cm (3.2-23.5 cm). All of the tumors were at stage IA of the 2014 classification of the International Federation ofGynecology andObstetrics (FIGO). A total of 2 (16.7%) patients received adjuvant treatment; 1 of themunderwent 3 cycles of paclitaxel and carboplatin every 21days, and the other underwent 4 cycles of ifosfamide, cisplatin and etoposide every 21 days. None of all of the patients had recurrence, and one death related to complications after surgical staging occurred. Conclusion Abdominal pain was the most frequent presentation. There was no ultrasonographic pattern. All of the SLCTs were at stage IA, and most of them were moderately differentiated. Relapses did not occur, but one death related to the surgical staging occurred.

Resumo Objetivo Descrever uma série de casos de tumores de células de Sertoli-Leydig (TCSLs) ovarianos. Métodos Revisão retrospectiva de 12 casos de TCSL tratados no Hospital de Câncer de Barretos entre outubro de 2009 e agosto de 2017. Resultados A mediana de idade foi 31 anos (15-71 anos). Um total de 9 pacientes (75,0%) apresentaram sintomas: 8 (66,7%) apresentaram dor abdominal, 5 (41,7%) apresentaram aumento abdominal, 2 (16,7%) apresentaram virilização, 2 (16,7%) apresentaram sangramento uterino anormal, 1 (8,3%) apresentou dispareunia, e 1 (8,3%) apresentou emagrecimento. A mediana de desidrogenase láctica (DHL) foi 504,5 U/L (138-569 U/L), alfafetoproteína (AFP) foi 2,0 ng/ml (1,1-11,3 ng/ml), gonadotrofina coriônica humana (β-hCG) foi 0,6 mUI/ml (0,0-2,3 mUI/ml), antígeno carcinoembrionário (CEA) foi 0,9 ng/ml (0,7-3,4) ng/ml, e antígeno cancerígeno 125 (CA-125) foi 26,0 U/ml (19,1-147,0 U/ml), todos pré-operatórios. Todos os tumores foram unilaterais e tratados cirurgicamente. Realizou-se linfadenectomia em 3 (25,0%) pacientes, por em, nenhuma das tr^es apresentou acometimento linfonodal. No exame anatomopatológico, 1 tumor (8,3%) era bem diferenciado, 8 (66,7%) eram moderadamente diferenciados, e 3 (25,0%) eram pouco diferenciados. Um total de 5 (55,6%) tumores eram sólido-císticos, 2 (22,2%) eram puramente císticos, 1 (11,1%) era cístico com vegetações, e 1 (11,1%) era puramente sólido, mas para 3 pacientes estas informações não estavam disponíveis. A mediana da dimensão da lesão foi 14,2 cm (3,2-23,5 cm). Todos os tumores eram estádio IA de acordo com a classificação de 2014 da Federação Internacional de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia (FIGO, na sigla em inglês). Duas (16,7%) pacientes receberam adjuvância; uma realizou 3 ciclos de paclitaxel e carboplatina a cada 21 dias, e a outra 4 ciclos de ifosfamida, cisplatina e etoposide a cada 21 dias. Dentre todas as pacientes, nenhuma apresentou recidiva e houve um óbito relacionado a complicações após estadiamento cirúrgico. Conclusão Dor abdominal foi a apresentação mais frequente. Todos os TCSLs eram estádio IA e a maioria era moderadamente diferenciada. Não ocorreram recidivas, mas ocorreu um óbito relacionado ao estadiamento cirúrgico.

Efeitos da idade-período e coorte na mortalidade por câncer do ovário no Brasil e suas grandes regiões / Effects of age-period and cohort on mortality due to ovarian cancer in Brazil and its regions / Efectos de la edad-período y cohorte en la mortalidad por cáncer de ovario en Brasil y sus macrorregiones

Resumo: Avaliar os efeitos da idade, período e coorte de nascimento (APC) na evolução temporal da mortalidade por câncer do ovário no Brasil e suas grandes regiões, entre o período de 1980 a 2014. Estudo ecológico de tendência temporal em que foram utilizados modelos APC com uma abordagem bayesiana e o método determinístico INLA (Integrated Nested Laplace Approximations) na inferência dos parâmetros. Os dados de mortalidade e os dados populacionais foram obtidos junto ao Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde. As taxas de mortalidade por câncer do ovário, segundo região geográfica, foram padronizadas pelo método direito, após correção dos óbitos para causas maldefinidas e diagnóstico incompleto de câncer. No período de estudo, o Brasil apresentou 4,91 óbitos por câncer do ovário por 100 mil mulheres, as regiões Sul (5,66) e Sudeste (5,70) apresentaram as maiores taxas por 100 mil mulheres, e a Região Norte a menor (3,13/100 mil mulheres). Houve aumento progressivo da mortalidade com o avançar da idade em todas as regiões. O modelo APC multivariado de melhor ajuste evidenciou risco positivo de morte no Centro-oeste e Nordeste entre 2010-2014 e, a partir do período de 1995-1999, na Região Sul. Observou-se, ainda, risco positivo e significativo de morte para as coortes mais antigas no Sul e Sudeste, e risco reduzido para as coortes mais jovens. O inverso foi observado nas regiões Norte e Nordeste. Evidenciou-se um padrão heterogêneo na evolução temporal da mortalidade por câncer do ovário nas regiões geográficas brasileiras, o que pode estar relacionado aos distintos processos de transição demográfica e epidemiológica vivenciados por estas regiões.

Abstract: This article sought to evaluate the effects of age, period and birth cohort (APC) on the temporal evolution of mortality due to ovarian cancer in Brazil and its regions from 1980 to 2014. This is an ecological, time-trend study using APC models with a Baysean approach and INLA (Integrated Nested Laplace Approximations) deterministic method for parameter inference. Mortality data and population data were obtained from the Brazilian Health Informatics Department. Rates of mortality due to ovarian cancer, according to geographical region, were standardized using the direct method, after correcting deaths for undefined causes and incomplete cancer diagnosis. In the period we studied, Brazil had 4.91 deaths due to ovarian cancer per 100,000 women, the Southern (5.66) and Southeastern regions (5.70) had higher rates per 100,000 women and the Northern region had the lowest rate (3.13/100,000 women). In all regions, there was a progressive increase in mortality as ages advanced. The multivariate best fit APC model showed positive risk of death in the Central and Northeast between 2010-2014 and, beginning in 1995-1999, in the South. We also observed a positive and significant risk of death for older cohorts in the South and Southeast and a reduced risk for younger cohorts. The inverse was opposed in the Northern and Northeastern regions. The data shows a heterogeneous pattern in the temporal evolution of mortality due to ovarian cancer in the Brazilian geographical regions, which may be related to the distinct demographic and epidemiological transition processes experienced in these regions.

Resumen: El objetivo fue evaluar los efectos de la edad, período y cohorte de nacimiento (APC) en la evolución temporal de la mortalidad por cáncer de ovario en Brasil y sus macrorregiones, durante el período de 1980 a 2014. Es un estudio ecológico de tendencia temporal, donde se utilizaron modelos APC con un enfoque bayesiano y método determinista INLA (Integrated Nested Laplace Approximations) en la inferencia de los parámetros. Los datos de mortalidad y poblacionales se obtuvieron del Departamento de Informática del Sistema Único de Salud. Las tasas de mortalidad por cáncer de ovario, según región geográfica, se estandarizaron mediante el método directo, tras la corrección de los óbitos para causas mal definidas y diagnóstico incompleto de cáncer. Durante el período de estudio, Brasil presentó 4,91 óbitos por cáncer de ovario por cada 100.000 mujeres, las regiones Sur (5,66) y Sudeste (5,70) presentaron las mayores tasas por 100.000 mujeres, y la región Norte la menor tasa (3,13/100.000 mujeres). Hubo un aumento progresivo de la mortalidad con el avance de la edad en todas las regiones. El modelo APC multivariado de mejor ajuste evidenció un riesgo positivo de muerte en el Centro-oeste y Nordeste entre 2010-2014 y, a partir del período de 1995-1999 en la región Sur. Se observó incluso el riesgo positivo y significativo de muerte para las cohortes más antiguas en el Sur y Sudeste, y riesgo reducido para las cohortes más jóvenes. Lo inverso se observó en las regiones Norte y Nordeste. Se evidenció un patrón heterogéneo en la evolución temporal de la mortalidad por cáncer de ovario en las regiones geográficas brasileñas, lo que puede estar relacionado con los distintos procesos de transición demográfica y epidemiológica vividos por estas regiones.

Caracterización de las pacientes con cáncer de ovario. Hospital Gineco-Obstétrico "Ramón González Coro" 2001-2013 / Characterization of patients with ovarian cancer. Gyneco-obstetric Hospital "Ramón González Coro" 2001-2013

Introducción: actualmente en Cuba y en todo el mundo, el cáncer de ovario representa la octava causa más importante de neoplasias malignas en la mujer, pero es la cuarta causa relacionada con la mortalidad. Objetivo: identificar el comportamiento por tipos histológicos y por tratamientos del cáncer de ovario. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, de pacientes con cáncer de ovario, atendidas en el Hospital "Ramón González Coro", La Habana. En el período comprendido entre enero de 2001 a julio de 2013. Las unidades de análisis fueron las historias clínicas de las 98 pacientes que se estudiaron. Resultados: se observó que 69,3 % tenían entre 31 y 60 años de edad. La edad promedio del grupo completo fue 48,2 años, la mitad de las pacientes no refirieron antecedentes patológicos. La paridad promedio fue 1,3. En 3,1 % tenían antecedentes de una neoplasia maligna confirmada y tratada, 14,3 % poseían antecedentes familiares maternos de neoplasia maligna; siendo el motivo de consulta más frecuente el "dolor en bajo vientre" (40,8 %). No hubo asociación significativa entre los estadios (FIGO) y el tipo de cáncer. Conclusiones: los resultados obtenidos se comportan, en general, de acuerdo a patrones epidemiológicos reportados internacionalmente, aunque la frecuencia de cáncer epitelial fue menor que la referida en la literatura consultada. La mayoría de los cánceres estudiados estaban en estadios I y III (AU).

Background: currently in Cuba and around the world, the ovarian cancer represents the eighth most important cause of malignant neoplasia in women, but it is the fourth cause related with mortality. Objective: identifying behavior by histological types and by ovarian cancer treatment. Materials and methods: a descriptive, retrospective study was carried out in patients with ovarian cancer attended in the Hospital "Ramón González Coro", Havana, in the period between January 2001 and July 2013. The analysis units were the clinical records of the 98 studied patients. Outcomes: it was observed that 69.3 % were aged 31-60 years. The average age of the entire group was 48.2 years; half of the patients did not refer pathological antecedents. The average parity was 1.3. 3.1 % had antecedents of confirmed and treated malignant neoplasia; 14.3 % had maternal antecedents of malignant neoplasia, being the most frequent motive of consultation "pain in the low womb" (40.8 %). There was not significant association between the stages (FIGO) and the cancer type. Conclusions: the obtained results behave, in general, according to the epidemiological patterns internationally reported, though the frequency of the epithelial cancer was lower than the one referred in the consulted literature. Most of the studied cancers were in stages I and III (AU).

Malignant extra-cranial germ cell tumors in children and adolescents: Results following the guidelines of SFOP/SFCE 95 Protocol

Between September 1995 and December 2010, 99 new consecutive assessable patients with extra-cranial MGCT were treated according to SFOP/SFCE TGM95 Protocol. A "watch and wait" strategy for completely resected stage I-II was observed in cases with preoperative high tumor markers levels. Metastatic disease or alpha fetoprotein levels > 15 000 ng/ml cases were treated by VIP chemotherapy (etoposide, ifosfamide and CDDP) 4-6-courses. All other cases were treated by VBP (vinblastine, bleomycin, and CDDP) 3-5 courses. Median age for the whole group was 11.1 (r: 0-17) years. Males: 49, females: 50. Stage I: 19 patients, stage II: 16, stage III: 31 and stage IV: 3. Gonadal disease occurred in 77 cases. Of 21 completely resected stage I-II patients with MGCT who did not receive chemotherapy after surgery, 6 presented disease progression and were successfully treated by chemotherapy and remained disease-free. There were no significant differences in outcome according to age, gender, initial site, staging, and histological variant or high levels of alpha-fetoprotein. Initial non-responsiveness to VIP chemotherapy was the only significant unfavorable prognostic feature. With a median follow-up of 64 (r: 5-204) months, at 10 years EFS and OS estimates for the whole group were 0.82 (SE = 0.05) and 0.90 (SE = 0.03) respectively. Therapy results of MGCT treated with the SFOP/SFCE 95 strategy were excellent. Initial non-response to front line chemotherapy was the only significant adverse prognostic feature. The "watch and wait" strategy for completely resected disease with initial positive markers proved to be safe with optimal outcome.

Entre septiembre de 1995 y diciembre 2010 se registraron 99 nuevos pacientes evaluables consecutivos con tumores germinales malignos (TGM) extra-cerebrales. Los pacientes fueron tratados prospectivamente según los lineamientos del Protocolo SFOP/SFCE TGM95. Se siguió una estrategia de watch and wait para la enfermedad estadio I-II completamente resecada. La enfermedad con metástasis y los casos con niveles de alfa fetoproteína > 15 000 ng/ml fueron tratados con etopósido, ifosfamida y CDDP, 4-6 cursos. El resto fue tratado con vinblastina, bleomicina y CDDP, 3-5 ciclos. La mediana de edad fue de 11.1 (r: 0-17) años. Varones: 49, niñas: 50. Estadio I: 19 casos; II: 16; III: 31y IV: 33. De 21 enfermos con estadios tumorales I y II con resección completa inicial que no tuvieron tratamiento adyuvante, seis progresaron, todos fueron exitosamente tratados con quimioterapia y permanecieron libres de enfermedad. No hubo diferencias significativas en los resultados de supervivencia según edad, género, sitio inicial, estadificación, variante histológica o niveles elevados de alfa-fetoproteína. La resistencia primaria a la quimioterapia VIP fue el único factor pronóstico desfavorable significativo. Con una mediana de seguimiento de 64 (r: 5-204) meses, a 10 años las probabilidades de supervivencia libre de eventos y supervivencia global para todo el grupo fueron respectivamente de 0.82 (EE = 0.05) y 0.90 (EE = 0.03). Los resultados con la estrategia SFOP/SFCE 95 fueron excelentes. La ausencia de respuesta a la quimioterapia de primera línea fue el único factor pronóstico adverso significativo. La estrategia de watch and wait probó ser segura y eficaz.

Distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy for the management of splenic hilum metastasis in cytoreductive surgery of epithelial ovarian cancer / 부인종양

OBJECTIVE: Distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy may be required for optimal cytoreductive surgery in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) metastasized to splenic hilum. This study evaluates the morbidity and treatment outcomes of the uncommon procedure in the management of advanced or recurrent EOC. METHODS: This study recruited 18 patients who underwent distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy during cytoreductive surgery of EOC. Their clinicopathological characteristics and follow-up data were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: All tumors were confirmed as high-grade serous carcinomas. The median diameter of metastatic tumors located in splenic hilum was 3.5 cm (range, 1 to 10 cm). Optimal cytoreduction was achieved in all patients. Eight patients (44.4%) suffered from postoperative complications. The morbidity associated with distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy included pancreatic leakage (22.2%), encapsulated effusion in the left upper quadrant (11.1%), intra-abdominal infection (11.1%), pleural effusion with or without pulmonary atelectasis (11.1%), intestinal obstruction (5.6%), pneumonia (5.6%), postoperative hemorrhage (5.6%), and pancreatic pseudocyst (5.6%). There was no perioperative mortality. The majority of complications were treated successfully with conservative management. During the median follow-up duration of 25 months, nine patients experienced recurrence, and three patients died of the disease. The 2-year progression-free survival and overall survival were 40.2% and 84.8%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The inclusion of distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy as part of cytoreduction for the management of ovarian cancer was associated with high morbidity; however, the majority of complications could be managed with conservative therapy.

Impact on survival with adjuvant radiotherapy for clear cell, mucinous, and endometriod ovarian cancer: the SEER experience from 2004 to 2011 / 부인종양

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the impact of radiotherapy on cause specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) for stage (I-III) clear cell, mucinous, and endometriod ovarian cancer. METHODS: We analyzed incidence, survival, and treatments from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program from 2004 to 2011 for clear cell, mucinous, and endometriod histologies of the ovary for stages (I-III). We examined CSS and OS for all three histologies combined and each histology with relation to the use of adjuvant radiation therapy (RT). Survival analysis was calculated by Kaplan-Meier and log-rank analysis. RESULTS: CSS was higher in individuals not receiving RT at 5 years (81% vs. 74%) and 10 years (74% vs. 65%, p=0.003). OS was higher in individuals not receiving RT at 5 years (76% vs. 73%) and 10 years (64% vs. 59%, p=0.039). Stage III patients receiving RT had a higher OS at 5 years (54% vs. 44%) and 10 year intervals (36% vs. 30%, p=0.037). Stage III patients with mucinous histology receiving RT had a higher OS at 5 years (50% vs. 36%) and 10 years (45% vs. 26%, p=0.052). CONCLUSION: Those receiving RT had a lower CSS and OS at 5 and 10 years. However, subgroup analysis revealed a benefit of RT in terms of OS for all stage III patients and for stage III patients with mucinous histology.

Impact of statins on risk and survival of ovarian cancer / 부인종양

No abstract available.

A Clinical Analysis of Brain Metastasis in Gynecologic Cancer: A Retrospective Multi-institute Analysis

This study analyzes the clinical characteristics of the brain metastasis (BM) of gynecologic cancer based on the type of cancer. In addition, the study examines the factors influencing the survival. Total 61 BM patients of gynecologic cancer were analyzed retrospectively from January 2000 to December 2012 in terms of clinical and radiological characteristics by using medical and radiological records from three university hospitals. There were 19 (31.1%) uterine cancers, 32 (52.5%) ovarian cancers, and 10 (16.4%) cervical cancers. The mean interval to BM was 25.4 months (21.6 months in ovarian cancer, 27.8 months in uterine cancer, and 33.1 months in cervical cancer). The mean survival from BM was 16.7 months (14.1 months in ovarian cancer, 23.3 months in uterine cancer, and 8.8 months in cervical cancer). According to a multivariate analysis of factors influencing survival, type of primary cancer, Karnofsky performance score, status of primary cancer, recursive partitioning analysis class, and treatment modality, particularly combined therapies, were significantly related to the overall survival. These results suggest that, in addition to traditional prognostic factors in BM, multiple treatment methods such as neurosurgery and combined chemoradiotherapy may play an important role in prolonging the survival for BM patients of gynecologic cancer.

Clinical significance of systematic retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy during interval debulking surgery in advanced ovarian cancer patients / 부인종양

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical significance of systematic retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy during interval debulking surgery (IDS) in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 124 advanced EOC patients and analyzed the details of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT), IDS, postoperative treatment, and prognoses. RESULTS: Following IDS, 98 patients had no gross residual disease (NGRD), 15 had residual disease sized or =1 cm (suboptimal). Two-year overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) rates were 88.8% and 39.8% in the NGRD group, 40.0% and 13.3% in the optimal group (p<0.001 vs. NGRD for both), and 36.3% and 0% in the suboptimal group, respectively. Five-year OS and 2-year PFS rates were 62% and 56.1% in the lymph node-negative (LN-) group and 26.2% and 24.5% in the lymph node-positive (LN+) group (p=0.0033 and p=0.0024 vs. LN-, respectively). Furthermore, survival in the LN+ group, despite surgical removal of positive nodes, was the same as that in the unknown LN status group, in which lymphadenectomy was not performed (p=0.616 and p=0.895, respectively). Multivariate analysis identified gross residual tumor during IDS (hazard ratio, 3.68; 95% confidence interval, 1.31 to 10.33 vs. NGRD) as the only independent predictor of poor OS. CONCLUSION: NGRD after IDS improved prognosis in advanced EOC patients treated with NACT-IDS. However, while systematic retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy during IDS may predict outcome, it does not confer therapeutic benefits.

Educational Inequality in Female Cancer Mortality in Korea

We evaluated the influence of socioeconomic factors on female cancer mortality using death data from the Cause of Death Statistics and the Korean Population and Housing Census databases collected in 2001, 2006, and 2011. We estimated Relative Index of Inequality (RII) of female cancer mortality using Poisson regression analysis. RII greater than 1 indicates increased mortality risk for women at the lowest educational level compared with women at the highest educational level. The RII for cervical cancer mortality was persistently greater than 1 for the entire study period, with a gradual increase over time. Subgroup analysis stratified by age (25-44 and 45-64 yr) revealed that younger women had increased RIIs of mortality due to cervical cancer and ovarian cancer during the entire study period. Older women had higher RII only for cervical cancer mortality, but the value was much lower than that for younger women. The RII for breast cancer mortality was greater than 1 for younger women since 2006. In conclusion, socioeconomic inequality in female cancer mortality has persisted for the last decade in Korea, which was most evident for cervical cancer, and for younger women.

Trends in gynecologic cancer mortality in East Asian regions / 부인종양

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate uterine and ovarian cancer mortality trends in East Asian countries. METHODS: For three Asian countries and one region (Japan, Korea, Singapore, and Hong Kong), we extracted number of deaths for each year from the World Health Organization (WHO) mortality database, focusing on women > or =20 years old. The WHO population data were used to estimate person-years at risk for women. The annual age-standardized, truncated rates were evaluated for four age groups. We also compared age-specific mortality rates during three calendar periods (1979 to 1988, 1989 to 1998, and 1999 to 2010). Joinpoint regression was used to determine secular trends in mortality. To obtain cervical and uterine corpus cancer mortality rates in Korea, we re-allocated the cases with uterine cancer of unspecified subsite according to the proportion in the National Cancer Incidence Databases. RESULTS: Overall, uterine cancer mortality has decreased in each of the Asian regions. In Korea, corrected cervical cancer mortality has declined since 1993, at an annual percentage change (APC) of -4.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], -5.3 to -4.4). On the other hand, corrected uterine corpus cancer mortality has abruptly increased since 1995 (APC, 6.7; 95% CI, 5.4 to 8.0). Ovarian cancer mortality was stable, except in Korea, where mortality rates steadily increased at an APC of 6.2% (95% CI, 3.4 to 9.0) during 1995 to 2000, and subsequently stabilized. CONCLUSION: Although uterine cancer mortality rates are declining in East Asia, additional effort is warranted to reduce the burden of gynecologic cancer in the future, through the implementation of early detection programs and the use of optimal therapeutic strategies.

Carcinoma endometroide con áreas semejantes a tumor estromal de cordones sexuales / Endometrioid carcinoma with similar areas of sex cord stromal tumor

Conocido antiguamente como el "asesino silencioso", el cáncer de ovario muestra un espectro de síntomas inespecíficos que, una vez reconocidos, facilitan un diagnóstico temprano y prolongan la supervivencia de la paciente. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 57 años referida de consulta privada por sangrado post menopaúsico con US transvaginal que revela datos de malignidad ovárica, laboratorios de rutina y marcadores tumorales normales...

Caracterización del tumor ovárico en la mujer centroamericana / Characterization of ovarian tumor in American women

El diagnóstico de una masa anexial es uno de los hallazgos más frecuentes en la práctica clínica de un ginecólogo. De los tumores ováricos el 80% son benignos y se presentan generalmente en mujeres menores de 45 años, el 20% son malignos y se presentan principalmente en mujeres postmenopáusicas...